UML面向对象设计基础【2025|PDF下载-Epub版本|mobi电子书|kindle百度云盘下载】

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Part Ⅰ Introduction1

Chapter 1 What Does It Mean to Be Object Oriented,Anyway?3

1.1 Encapsulation9

1.2 Information/Implementation Hiding12

1.3 State Retention14

1.4 Object Identity15

1.5 Messages19

1.5.1 Message structure19

1.5.2 Message arguments21

1.5.3 The roles of objects in messages23

1.5.4 Types of message25

1.6 Classes27

1.7 Inheritance33

1.8 Polymorphism38

1.9 Genericity43

1.10 Summary48

1.11 Exercises50

1.12 Answers52

Chapter 2 A Brief History of Object Orientation57

2.1 Where Did Object Orientation Come From?57

2.1.1 Larry Constantine58

2.1.2 O.-J.Dahl and K.Nygaard58

2.1.3 Alan Kay,Adele Goldberg,and others58

2.1.4 Edsger Dijkstra58

2.1.8 Bjarne Stroustrup59

2.1.7 Jean Ichbiah and others59

2.1.5 Barbara Liskov59

2.1.6 David Parnas59

2.1.9 Bertrand Meyer60

2.1.10 Grady Booch,Ivar Jacobson,and Jim Rumbaugh60

2.2 Object Orientation Comes of Age60

2.3 Object Orientation As an Engineering Discipline62

2.4 What's Object Orientation Good For?64

2.4.1 Analyzing users'requirements65

2.4.2 Designing software65

2.4.3 Constructing software66

2.4.4 Maintaining software69

2.4.5 Using software69

2.4.6 Managing software projects70

2.5 Summary73

2.6 Exercises75

2.7 Answers76

Part Ⅱ The Unified Modeling Language77

Chapter 3 Basic Expression of Classes,Attributes,andOperations85

3.1 The Class85

3.2 Attributes87

3.3 Operations89

3.4 Overloaded Operations92

3.5 Visibility of Attributes and Operations93

3.6 Class Attributes and Operations94

3.7 Abstract Operations and Classes95

3.8 The Utility97

3.9 Parameterized Classes98

3.10 Summary100

3.11 Exercises102

3.12 Answers103

Chapter 4 Class Diagrams107

4.1 The Generalization Construct108

4.1.1 Single inheritance108

4.1.2 Multiple inheritance110

4.1.3 Subclass partitioning110

4.1.4 Partitioning discriminators114

4.2 The Association Construct115

4.2.1 The basic UML notation for associations116

4.2.2 Associations depicted as classes119

4.2.3 Higher-order associations120

4.2.4 Navigability of associations122

4.3 Whole/Part Associations123

4.3.1 Composition123

4.3.2 Aggregation126

4.4 Summary130

4.5 Exercises131

4.6 Answers133

Chapter 5 Object-Interaction Diagrams137

5.1 The Collaboration Diagram138

5.1.1 Depicting a message139

5.1.2 Polymorphism in the collaboration diagram142

5.1.3 Iterated messages143

5.1.4 Use of self in messages144

5.2 The Sequence Diagram146

5.3 Asynchronous Messages and Concurrent Execution149

5.3.1 Depicting an asynchronous message149

5.3.2 The callback mechanism151

5.3.3 Asynchronous messages with priority155

5.3.4 Depicting a broadcast(nontargeted)message157

5.4 Summary159

5.5 Exercises161

5.6 Answers162

Chapter 6 State Diagrams164

6.1 Basic State Diagrams165

6.2 Nested States167

6.3 Concurrent States and Synchronization171

6.4 Transient States from Message-Result Arguments176

6.5 Continuously Variable Attributes178

6.6 Summary180

6.7 Exercises182

6.8 Answers184

Chapter 7 Architecture and Interface Diagrams188

7.1 Depicting System Architecture189

7.1.1 Packages189

7.1.2 Deployment diagrams for hardware artifacts191

7.1.3 Deployment diagrams for software constructs193

7.2.1 The window-layout diagram196

7.2 Depicting the Human Interface196

7.2.2 The window-navigation diagram198

7.2.3 A brief digression:What's object oriented about a GUI?200

7.3 Summary202

7.4 Exercises203

7.5 Answers204

Part Ⅲ The Principles of Object-Oriented Design207

Chapter 8 Encapsulation and Connascence209

8.1 Encapsulation Structure209

8.1.1 Levels of encapsulation210

8.1.2 Design criteria governing interacting levels of encapsulation212

8.2.1 Varieties of connascence214

8.2 Connascence214

8.2.2 Contranascence220

8.2.3 Connascence and encapsulation boundaries221

8.2.4 Connascence and maintainability222

8.2.5 Connascence abuses in object-oriented systems224

8.2.6 The term connascence227

8.3 Summary228

8.4 Exercises230

8.5 Answers231

Chapter 9 Domains,Encumbrance,and Cohesion233

9.1 Domains of Object Classes234

9.1.1 The foundation domain235

9.1.2 The architecture domain235

9.1.3 The business domain236

9.1.4 The application domain237

9.1.5 The source of classes in each domain238

9.2 Encumbrance241

9.2.1 What is encumbrance?241

9.2.2 The use of encumbrance244

9.2.3 The Law of Demeter244

9.3 Class Cohesion:A Class and Its Features246

9.3.1 Mixed-instance cohesion247

9.3.2 Mixed-domain cohesion248

9.3.3 Mixed-role cohesion250

9.4 Summary253

9.5 Exercises254

9.6 Answers255

Chapter 10 State-Space and Behavior259

10.1 State-Space and Behavior of a Class259

10.2 The State-Space of a Subclass263

10.3 The Behavior of a Subclass266

10.4 The Class Invariant as a Restriction on a State-Space267

10.5 Preconditions and Postconditions269

10.6 Summary272

10.7 Exercises273

10.8 Answers274

Chapter 11 Type Conformance and Closed Behavior278

11.1 Class versus Type279

11.2 The Principle of Type Conformance281

11.2.1 The principles of contravariance and covariance282

11.2.2 An example of contravariance and covariance283

11.2.3 A graphic illustration of contravariance and covariance288

11.2.4 A summary of the requirements for type conformance290

11.3 The Principle of Closed Behavior291

11.4 Summary294

11.5 Exercises295

11.6 Answers296

Chapter 12 The Perils of Inheritance and Polymorphism299

12.1 Abuses of Inheritance299

12.1.1 Mistaken aggregates300

12.1.2 Inverted hierarchy301

12.1.3 Confusing class and instance302

12.1.4 Misapplying is a306

12.2 The Danger of Polymorphism309

12.2.1 Polymorphism of operations309

12.2.2 Polymorphism of variables312

12.2.3 Polymorphism in messages314

12.2.4 Polymorphism and genericity316

12.3 Summary319

12.4 Exercises320

12.5 Answers322

Chapter 13 Techniques for Organizing Operations327

13.1 Mix-In Classes327

13.1.1 A business example328

13.1.2 Agraphics example333

13.2 Rings of Operations336

13.3 Summary342

13.4 Exercises343

13.5 Answers344

Chapter 14 Class Cohesion and Support of States andBehavior349

14.1 State Support in a Class Interface350

14.2 Behavior Support in a Class Interface352

14.3 Operation Cohesion in a Class Interface360

14.4 Summary364

14.5 Exercises366

14.5 Answers371

Chapter 15 Designing a Software Component377

15.1 What Is a Component?378

15.2 Similarities and Differences Between Components and Objects380

15.3 Example of a Component382

15.4 Internal Design of a Component389

15.5 Lightweight and Heavyweight Components397

15.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Components400

15.7 Summary406

15.8 Exercises408

15.9 Answers409

Appendix A:Checklist for an Object-Oriented Design Walkthrough411

Appendix B:The Object-Oriented Design Owner's Manual417

Appendix C:The Blitz Guide to Object-Oriented Terminology423

Glossary425

Bibliography443

Index451